On my site, on the secondary menu bar, there is a small calendar icon, where one can choose a specific date or range of dates among either created dates or posted dates, and a kind of virtual album will then be displayed corresponding to the selected dates. Although the map is displayed below the search results, it does not update based on what is selected above; it always shows all the geolocated images on the site.

Another line of research would be to create a smart album with the date as the argument, but this is not practical (the calendar is difficult to use there) and you can only choose a specific day, not a month, year, or range of dates. These albums must be created manually one by one; there is no automation possible for a set of smart albums. But in this case, the map only shows photos from the smart album.

Someone else might have a more constructive idea than mine. I would also be interested in such a feature.